Tuesday, February 22, 2022

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The Morning After: You can’t copyright AI-created art

Posted: 22 Feb 2022 04:15 AM PST

Welcome back! The US Copyright Office (USCO) is again refusing to grant copyright for a work of art that was created by an artificial intelligence system. Dr. Stephen Thaler attempted to copyright a piece of art titled A Recent Entrance to Paradise, claiming in a second request for reconsideration of a 2019 ruling that the USCO's "human authorship" requirement was unconstitutional.

Current copyright law only offers protections to "the fruits of intellectual labor" that "are founded in the creative powers of the [human] mind,' according to the USCO. For now, AI has the same access to copyrighting as monkeys – that's to say, none at all.

-Mat Smith

The biggest stories you might have missed

Capcom teases 'Street Fighter 6'

Expect more details in the coming months.

TMA
Capcom

Capcom has announced the development of Street Fighter 6, revealing a teaser trailer featuring Ryu and Luke, a key DLC character appearing at the end of Street Fighter V. The game was announced following Capcom's Pro Tour fighting game exhibition , but there's not much more to report at this moment. Check out the teaser – all forty seconds of it.

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Trump's social network has launched on iOS

Remember Truth Social?

Donald Trump's Twitter-like social media platform has launched on the Apple App Store. The launch will mark the former president's return to social media. Twitter and Facebook banned Trump following the January 6th attack on the US Capitol. 

People can use the network to post "Truths," the platform's equivalent to tweets, and it's possible to reshare posts on one's timeline to expand their reach. The executive who answered questions from beta users said the company was working on a verification policy that it would publish "in the coming weeks."

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No, Spotify didn't pull Joe Rogan's podcast

The company says a technical problem is to blame.

Don't panic if you couldn't play The Joe Rogan Experience over the last few days on Spotify. The streaming service has confirmed to Engadget that a "technical issue" prevented users from playing a number of Spotify podcasts, including Joe Rogan's and The Ringer shows like The Bill Simmons Podcast. It's bad timing, following controversy over misinformation in Spotify's podcasts like Rogan's, which has been accused of spreading and tolerating false claims about COVID-19 vaccines. The company has now addressed the technical problem and the episodes are back online.

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Watch one final 'Elden Ring' trailer before it arrives

The action RPG comes out on February 25th.

With less than a week before Elden Ring's February 25th release date, publisher Bandai Namco has shared a new "Overview" trailer detailing the many systems of FromSoftware's latest action RPG. The clip features nearly six minutes of edited gameplay footage that appears thankfully spoiler-free. In case you haven't been paying attention, George R. R. Martin (author of Game of Thrones) helped Dark Souls and Bloodborne mastermind Hidetaka Miyazaki create the world of the game.

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Amazon warns 'Lost Ark' players in central Europe that its servers are 'at capacity'

Posted: 22 Feb 2022 03:55 AM PST

Amazon's Lost Ark free-to-play MMO exploded in popularity as soon as it was released in Europe and the Americas earlier this month. It became Steam's most-played MMO ever merely a week after its launch, and players in Europe have had to deal with lengthy queues even earlier than that. In an attempt to solve the problem, Smilegate (the game's developer) and Amazon have created "Europe West." It's a completely new server region meant for new players, however, and those already playing in "Europe Central" might have to keep struggling with long wait times.

"The Europe Central region is at capacity and unfortunately there is no way to increase the number of players per world in Europe Central," the company's latest announcement about the situation said. It's apparently not possible to add more servers in the region "based on the complexity of all the systems that need to work together." Amazon and the developer are positioning Europe West as an appealing option for those who haven't made much progress in Central yet, because it's not possible to transfer server regions at the moment. 

The server transfer function has just rolled out in Korea, where the game was first released back in 2019, and it requires the developer to process transfers in weekly batches. It also doesn't support region transfers yet and won't do European players any good in its current form, but the companies said they "will not rest until [they've] exhausted all options." 

While unfortunate for European players, it's a nice problem to have for Amazon. In 2020, it pulled the plug on Crucible, the free-to-play shooter it had been developing since 2016, after evaluating the feedback it got from a closed beta. Its New World MMO became a hit in 2021, but the reception for the older game wasn't quite as intense as Lost Ark's.

Virgin Hyperloop lays off 111 staffers as it abandons plans for passenger transport

Posted: 22 Feb 2022 03:18 AM PST

Virgin Hyperloop has fired 111 of its employees as it abandons the idea of making its system ready for passenger use. The Financial Times is reporting that the company is exclusively focusing on moving cargo, and has slashed almost half of its total workforce. A spokesperson confirmed to the paper that the shift in business was taking place, with supply chain issues and COVID contributing to the change.

Since its inception, the company has been developing its vacuum-tube system to carry both passengers and freight. One of the earliest concepts VH floated was an "inland port," in which cargo vessels would put containers onto capsules that are shot inland before they're processed. That way, the main logistics hub wouldn't need to be beside the sea, and could instead be at the heart of a transit hub closer to customers.

It's something that encouraged DP World, the Dubai-owned ports and logistics giant, to invest in the technology. It currently holds a majority stake in Virgin Hyperloop and in 2018 launched "Cargospeed," as a sub-brand dedicated to moving cargo. VH has, however, been in something of a spin for the last few months after former head Josh Giegel, one of two people to actually travel in a pod, quit the company. 

Elon Musk accuses the SEC of leaking information against him

Posted: 22 Feb 2022 02:10 AM PST

Tesla CEO Elon Musk's lawyer has accused the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or leaking information about a federal probe to retaliate against him, CNBC has reported. "It has become clearer and clearer that the Commission is out to retaliate against my clients for exercising their First Amendment rights—most recently by criticizing the Commission on the public docket and by petitioning this Court for relief," said Musk attorney Alex Spiro. 

It's the latest shot fired by Musk in his ongoing dispute with the SEC that started in 2018 when he said that he had secured funding for a private buyout of Tesla at $420 a share — something many (including the SEC) interpreted as an attempt at a weed joke. The SEC fined Tesla and Musk $20 million each over that and forced Musk to step down as chairman for at least three years. Tesla also had to implement a system for monitoring Musk's statements about the company on Twitter and other media. 

Musk has been chafing against those rules lately, however. Earlier this month he accused the SEC of conducting a "harassment campaign," and "stifling" has First Amendment free speech rights. The SEC responded earlier this week, saying its frequent check-ins with Tesla were effectively required by the court overseeing the 2018 settlement. It also rebutted Musk's other complaint, saying that it was making progress disbursing the $40 million fine to shareholders as it had promised. 

Musk's lawyers alleged that at least one SEC member had leaked "certain information regarding its investigation," but it didn't say who or which information. Tesla revealed in its 2021 Q4 earnings report that the SEC subpoenaed the company and Musk, seeking information on how they're complying with the 2018 settlement. 

Musk previously ran afoul of the 2018 settlement a year later after tweeting information about Tesla vehicle production that wasn't approved by the company's "disclosure counsel." His lawyers accused the SEC of violating his free speech rights then, too. Musk and Tesla eventually agreed to a revised settlement that required him to get approval in advance for any tweets or other communication from an "experienced securities lawyer."  

The IRS will let taxpayers authenticate their identity without using facial recognition

Posted: 22 Feb 2022 01:32 AM PST

Taxpayers in the US don't have to use facial recognition or any kind of biometric data to access their accounts online if they don't want to. The IRS has announced that users can opt for a live, virtual interview to authenticate their identity instead of registering for an ID.me account. This move comes a few weeks after the agency said it will back away from using facial recognition following pressure from both sides of the political aisle. Both Republican and Democratic lawmakers raised concerns about the privacy and security implications of using ID.me facial recognition and how it will make the IRS a prime target of cyberattacks. 

To sign up for an ID.me account, taxpayers will have to send the service a copy of their government ID, a utility bill and a video selfie of themselves. Those who don't mind using facial recognition to be able to file taxes online can still use it for verification if they want. The agency's announcement said it put a new safeguard in place to ensure images the taxpayers provide are deleted going forward. The existing biometric data provided by users who previously created an online account has also been collected and will be "permanently deleted over the course of the next few weeks," the IRS said. 

It's unclear how the IRS plans to make sure that it can conduct verification interviews in a timely manner for everyone who doesn't want to use facial recognition. As The New York Times notes, the agency is dealing with staff shortages and lack of funding, and it currently has a backlog of around 24 million tax returns. The agency called the virtual interview option a "short-term solution" for this year's filing season. It said it's now working with partners to "achieve security standards and scale required of Login.Gov," so it can roll out the sign in service already being used by government websites after the 2022 filing deadline. 

Panasonic's 25-megapixel GH6 is the highest resolution Micro Four Thirds camera yet

Posted: 21 Feb 2022 05:00 PM PST

After a bit of a delay, Panasonic has finally revealed the 25.2-megapixel GH6, the highest-resolution Micro Four Thirds mirrorless camera to date. One can think of it as a mini version of its S1H "Netflix camera," as it's loaded with pro video features like 5.7K ProRes V-Log video, a tilt-swivel display and CFexpress capture. However, it's still stuck with contrast detect rather than phase detect autofocus like most modern cameras. Luckily, I was able to get my hands on a preproduction unit to check out the new features and get an early feel for it. 

First, let's talk about the most interesting changes. As mentioned, the GH6 has a 25.2-megapixel sensor with a high-speed readout, though it isn't stacked like its Micro Four Thirds rival, the OM-1. That obviously gives a much-needed image resolution boost, though photo burst performance is actually down a touch from the GH5 II (8 fps with continuous AF compared to 9 fps). 

The GH6 still uses a contrast detect autofocus system (what it calls "depth from defocus" or DFD) rather than phase detect like nearly all its rivals. As with the GH5 II, it also includes face/eye/head/body/animal AI recognition. While Panasonic has pretty much perfected its DFD system, it's still not as fast or reliable as phase detect systems. 

When shooting people pictures in relatively low light, it sometimes failed to get focus quickly enough to nail the shot, for instance. By comparison, Sony and Canon's latest cameras (the A7 IV and EOS R6) have no such difficulty, even in low light. And I still saw some wobble and hunting with video AF — though it's much less than on any previous GH cameras. 

In terms of video quality, things are more positive. The GH6 can now shoot 5.7K video with V-Log at up to 30 fps with internal capture to either ProRes or ProRes HQ, or 5.7K up to 60 fps to MP4 10-bit H.264/H.265 recording (all-intra or longGOP). You can also shoot 10-bit 4:2:0 4K at up to 120 fps using the longGOP codec, or 1080p at 300 fps (240 fps with autofocus). 

All of the 5.7K and 4K modes (including 120p) use the full sensor width with super-sampled video. It also supports 5.8K up to 30p and 4.4K up to 60p in 4:3 anamorphic modes, with granular controls for different anamorphic modes and lenses. While ProRes/ProRes HQ is limited to 5.7K for now, it'll come to 4K via a future firmware update. 

Also coming via a future firmware update down the road is the ability to record ProRes RAW to an external Atomos recorder. More interestingly, the GH6 is one of the first mirrorless cameras with HDMI 2.1 output, so it'll eventually let you record 4K RAW externally at up to 120 fps via another future update. When it first ships, it'll support 4K at up to 60 fps, with simultaneous external and internal recording. 

Panasonic GH6 mirrorless camera gallery
Steve Dent/Engadget

In terms of video quality, Panasonic is promising 12+ stops of dynamic range using ProRes and V-Log recording, or 13+ stops using dynamic boost range (more on that in a sec). It also claims you'll see less noise at higher ISO settings (ISO 6400 and up). For both video and stills, it wasn't quite as good in low light as the GH5s (which has less than half the resolution) but it wasn't far off. 

Capturing 5.7K video at up to 30 fps in ProRes HQ uses internal data rates of 1,903 Mbps, far beyond SD UHS II capability. As such, the GH6 is the first Micro Four Thirds mirrorless camera with a CFexpress Type B card slot. That's required for ProRes recording and many of the MP4 high-frame-rate codecs. 

The drawback right now is that there's only one CFexpress slot, so you won't be able to get a backup for certain video resolutions unless you use an external recorder. However, the GH6 will eventually support recording to an external SSD recorder via the USB-C 3.2 port, which also allows you to power the camera while shooting.

If you're concerned about rolling shutter with the extra resolution, the high-speed sensor readout is supposed to reduce that more than ever. I confirmed that rolling shutter was very manageable, even at the highest 5.7K and 60p resolution. However, it is present if the camera or subject move too quickly.

As with past GH models, video quality is outstanding, with the 5.7K video particularly sharp and useful for editing. The ProRes option has also saved me an extra step compared to the GH5s, as I no longer need to transcode video. The drawback is that the video files are 4-5 times the size — so you'll want to invest in high capacity CFexpress Type B cards, which can get very expensive.

An interesting new feature is called dynamic range boost. When you activate the setting, it'll use two analog circuits at different ISO settings to take two different exposures. The result is improved dynamic range in scenes with bright and dark areas, without any excessive noise, though it's limited to ISO 2000 and up. I found it to be very useful for interior shots with bright sunlight coming through windows, making it possible to recover highlights and detail. 

The GH6 has five-axis in-body stabilization like the other models, but now offers up to 7.5 stops of shake reduction with supported lenses, just behind the 8 stops on Canon's EOS R6. With boosted IS and E-stabilization, it really smooths out video well even for situations like walking, better than most mirrorless cameras I've used. 

The GH6 kind of looks like the GH5 II, but it's quite a bit heavier (823 grams compared to 727 grams with a battery and memory card), and the body has changed in several notable ways. It's much thicker, to start with, thanks in part to an active cooling fan that ensures the GH6 doesn't suffer overheating issues like Canon's EOS R5 and R6. To that end, Panasonic is promising unlimited recording in all video modes, including 5.7K 60p and 4K 120p.

Panasonic GH6 mirrorless camera gallery
Steve Dent/Engadget

The other major change is with the grip that's considerably deeper than on the GH5 II (or GH5 and GH5s. With that, the GH6 is considerably more comfortable to use than any Micro Four Thirds camera I've tried, particularly with large lenses. Panasonic has made a number of other changes to the button and dial layout as well, most notably with the addition of a dedicated audio button that let you change things like gain levels and quality. It also has an extra record button on the front of the camera that's extremely handy for vlogging .

The GH6 now has a tilt-swivel display like the SH1, with the same 1,840K dot resolution as the one on the GH5 II. That makes the camera thicker, but more practical for low angle and other types of shooting, and the tilt option keeps the screen from being blocked by cables if you use an external recorder. It's also Panasonic's brightest display yet, and was highly visible even in sunlight.

The 3.68 million dot OLED electronic viewfinder (EVF) is unfortunately unchanged from the GH5 lineup. While it's true that the GH6 is more of a video than a stills camera, a lot of shooters prefer to use an EVF in bright sunlight, so a sharper image would have been nice. Also unchanged is the BLK-22 battery that delivers fewer shots than the GH5 II (380 compared to 410) and slightly less shooting time — likely due to the fan and extra resolution.

Panasonic GH6 mirrorless camera gallery
Steve Dent/Engadget

The GH6 has a couple of other serious downsides compared to rivals. One of them is the relatively small sensor size compared to a full-frame camera. That offers fewer creative possibilities, though it's also more forgiving in terms of focus and makes for cheaper, lighter lenses. 

The biggest flaw, however, is the contrast-detect autofocus. The good news is that Panasonic seems to have finally realized that buyers want phase detect and hinted that it's not out of the question for future models. 

The GH6 was rumored to be priced at $2,500, but there's some good news on that front. It's now on pre-order for $2,200 (body only) with shipments set for March, making it relatively cheap compared to any to models that can match its video specs. It looks a solid choice for video shooters, with quality on par or superior to any rivals — as long as they're okay with the contrast detect AF. I'll take a closer look at everything in Engadget's upcoming review. 

Twitch adds a long-promised 'Play on Luna' button

Posted: 21 Feb 2022 02:12 PM PST

Amazon is finally acting on a 2020 promise to let Twitch viewers quickly play games on Luna. As The Nerf Report's Bryant Chappel and 9to5Google report, Twitch has added a "Play on Luna" button that lets you hop into games on Amazon's cloud game service. If you're a Luna subscriber in the service's early access program and have linked to your Twitch account, you'll see the option to start playing titles available through Amazon's platform.

We've asked Twitch for more details, such as platform support. The button only appears on a game's overall page rather than those of Twitch channels. You can forget about trying Rainbow Six Extraction while watching a favorite streamer, at least for now.

The addition probably won't spur much interest in Luna given the effort involved in seeking it out. It brings Luna a step closer to Amazon's original vision of seamless Twitch integration, though. Moreover, it gives Amazon a slight edge over Stadia. Google has yet to fully tie its own game streaming service into YouTube, and only enabled Crowd Play (joining online games from a YouTube stream) in 2021. Don't be surprised if Twitch expands access to 'Play on Luna' in the near future.

Instagram quietly bumps up the minimum daily time limit

Posted: 21 Feb 2022 01:21 PM PST

For the last couple years, Instagram and Facebook have offered ways to see how long you spend using the apps each day as well as an option to set a daily usage time limit. Now, it seems Instagram has increased the minimum daily time limit setting to 30 minutes, up from 10 or 15 minutes.

An Instagram user told TechCrunch that the app asked them to "set a new value" for their daily time limit, though noted that they could retain their existing setting. "The available values for daily time limits are changing as part of an app update," a pop-up read. The Instagram app currently offers me a minimum time limit of 30 minutes. Engadget has asked Meta for clarification on when and why it made the change.

The settings in the Facebook app are more granular. Users can choose any time limit in increments of five minutes. When a user reaches their chosen time limit in either app, a notification pops up to tell them, though they can ignore it.  

At the time it rolled out the feature, Meta said the idea was to give people more control over the length of time they spend on its apps and to "foster conversations between parents and teens" about healthy online habits. In November, Instagram started testing a "Take a Break" feature to remind users, particularly teens, to put down their phone every so often.

It's unclear why Instagram seems to have increased the minimum daily time limit. However, the timing is interesting given Facebook daily active users dropped for the first time last quarter while user growth across Meta's family of apps (Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp) remained almost flat.

Meta expects slower revenue growth this year due to more competition for people's time and users paying more attention to features that generate less revenue, such as Reels. Upping the time limit, and keeping users scrolling through Instagram and viewing ads for longer, could be one way of counterbalancing those revenue concerns.

It remains to be seen what politicians may make of the move. In October, Sen. Richard Blumenthal said Meta (which was still called Facebook at the time) "knows its products can be addictive and toxic to children." Earlier this month, a bipartisan bill was introduced in the Senate with the aim of asking the Federal Trade Commission to study ways to reduce "the harm of algorithmic amplification and social media addiction on covered platforms."

You can’t copyright AI-created art, according to US officials

Posted: 21 Feb 2022 11:07 AM PST

The US Copyright Office has once again denied an effort to copyright a work of art that was created by an artificial intelligence system. Dr. Stephen Thaler attempted to copyright a piece of art titled A Recent Entrance to Paradise, claiming in a second request for reconsideration of a 2019 ruling that the USCO's "human authorship" requirement was unconstitutional.

In its latest ruling, which was spotted by The Verge, the agency accepted that the work was created by an AI, which Thaler calls the Creativity Machine. Thaler applied to register the work as "as a work-for-hire to the owner of the Creativity Machine."

However, the office said that current copyright law only offers protections to "the fruits of intellectual labor" that "are founded in the creative powers of the [human] mind." As such, a copyrighted work "must be created by a human being" and the office says it won't register works "produced by a machine or mere mechanical process" that lack intervention or creative input from a human author.

The agency said Thaler failed to provide evidence that A Recent Entrance to Paradise is the result of human authorship. It also stated he was unable to convince the USCO's "to depart from a century of copyright jurisprudence" — in other words, to change the rules. 

The ruling notes that courts at several levels, including the Supreme Court, have "uniformly limited copyright protection to creations of human authors" and that lower courts have "repeatedly rejected attempts to extend copyright protection to non-human creations," such as for photos taken by monkeys.

Thaler has put copyright and patent laws to the test in a number of countries. He has attempted to have an AI called DABUS recognized as the inventor of two products in patent applications. The US Patent and Trademark Office, UK Intellectual Property Office and European Patent Office rejected the applications because the credited inventor wasn't human. Appeals have been filed against those rulings and ones in Australia and Germany.

However, a judge in Australia ruled last year that AI-created inventions can qualify for patent protection. South Africa granted Thaler a patent for one of the products last year and noted "the invention was autonomously generated by an artificial intelligence."

Scientists study a 'hot Jupiter' exoplanet's dark side in detail for the first time

Posted: 21 Feb 2022 09:24 AM PST

Astronomers have mapped the atmospheres of exoplanets for a while, but a good look at their night sides has proven elusive — until today. An MIT-led study has provided the first detailed look at a "hot Jupiter" exoplanet's dark side by mapping WASP-121b's altitude-based temperatures and water presence levels. As the distant planet (850 light-years away) is tidally locked to its host star, the differences from the bright side couldn't be starker.

The planet's dark side contributes to an extremely violent water cycle. Where the daytime side tears water apart with temperatures beyond 4,940F, the nighttime is cool enough ('just' 2,780F at most) to recombine them into water. The result flings water atoms around the planet at over 11,000MPH. That dark side is also cool enough to have clouds of iron and corundum (a mineral in rubies and sapphires), and you might see rain made of liquid gems and titanium as vapor from the day side cools down.

The researchers collected the data using spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope for two orbits in 2018 and 2019. Many scientists have used this method to study the bright sides of exoplanets, but the dark side observations required detecting minuscule changes in the spectral line indicating water vapor. That line helped the scientists create temperature maps, and the team sent those maps through models to help identify likely chemicals.

This represents the first detailed study of an exoplanet's global atmosphere, according to MIT. That comprehensive look should help explain where hot Jupiters like WASP-121b can form. And while a jovian world such as this is clearly too dangerous for humans, more thorough examinations of exoplanet atmospheres could help when looking for truly habitable planets.
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